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The octave mandolin is a fretted string instrument with four pairs of strings tuned in fifths, G, D, A, E (low to high), an octave below a mandolin. It has a 20 to 23-inch scale length and its construction is similar to other instruments in the mandolin family. Usually the courses are all unison pairs but the lower two may sometimes be strung as octave pairs with the higher-pitched octave string on top so that it is hit before the thicker lower-pitched string. Alternate tunings of G, D, A, D and A, D, A, D are often employed by Celtic musicians. Octave mandolins are sometimes used in mandolin orchestras in place of mandolas.〔(The Franco-American Mandolin Festival ), Program notes, 2007 〕 The mandolinists thus avoid learning to read music on the alto clef; music for the octave mandolin is usually written on the more familiar treble clef, and plays an octave lower than the notes shown (see octave clefs). ==Terminology== The names of the mandolin family instruments vary between Europe and the United States.〔("The Mandolin Family" ), ''The Acoustic Music Co.'', UK〕 The instruments that are known in the USA as the ''mandola'' and the ''octave mandolin'' tend to be known in Great Britain and Ireland as the ''tenor mandola'', the ''octave mandola'', or the ''Irish bouzouki''. Also, ''octave mandola'' is sometimes applied to what in the U.S. is a ''mandocello''. In Europe outside the British isles, ''mandola'' is the larger GDAE tuned instrument while the smaller CGDA tuned one is known as ''alt-mandoline'' (i.e., alto mandolin), mandoliola or liola. This geographic distinction is not crisp, and there are cases of each term being used in each country. (Jimmy Moon ), a Scottish luthier calls his version of the instrument by both names and (Paul Shippey ), an English luthier uses the term octave mandolin. Confusion will likely continue as the terms continue to be used interchangeably. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Octave mandolin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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